BLK4-250比例控制器在供水系统设计中的应用

介绍用流量／电流比例控制器取代交流变频调速装置作为高压供水系统的核心部件,通过可编程控制器 (PLC)对工频水泵机组的自动控制作用,消除了由变频器在运行过程中所引发的谐波、喘振、憋压、水锤效应等不利因素的影响,达到了稳定供水压力、节约电能、提高系统可靠性的目的。     

生态水利工程设计在水利建设中的运用

水资源的合理、科学以及绿色的使用是确保国家高效成长以及保护社会正常运行的前提条件,因此创建生态水利工程具有至关重要的意义。现如今本国的水资源被污染以及浪费的程度愈来愈大,能够将水资源合理、可续的使用起来是水利创建当中最为核心的内容,因此本国的相关单位对于生态水利工程的创建有着极大的重视。针对于此,全文着重探讨了生态水利工程策划的意义、在创建水利工程当中生态水利工程策划需要遵守原则以及生态水利工程在水利创建当中的使用,仅供参考。     

冬季油田压裂供水技术的研究及应用

石油是现代工业的“血液”,是国家生存和发展不可或缺的战略资源,对保障国家经济和社会发展以及国防安全有着不可估量的作用。油田钻井开发工程中的体积压裂技术在低渗透油田的开发中有着显著的增产效果,压裂供水是压裂作业的重要组成部分。我国西北地区冬季气候寒冷,为保障压裂作业在冬季正常开展,冬季的压裂供水研究和应用,对油田钻井开发具有重要的意义。     

浅谈T3连接线项目环水保管理控制

高速公路建设规模大、建设周期长、资源消耗集中,与社会进步、经济发展和环境条件密切关联,对于环境保护和水土保持既有积极作用,又有消极影响。论文主要结合中川机场T3航站楼连接线建设项目环水保管理方面的一些经验和做法,探讨高速公路建设项目环水保在施工阶段的管理控制要素,提出了环水保标准化管理的建议,供高速公路及其他建设项目的环境保护和水土保持管理提供参考。     

An Econometric Estimation of Industrial Water Demand in France

This study investigates the structure of industrial water demand byestimating the derived demand for water on a sample of industrialestablishments located in the south-west of France. Productiontechnologies are represented by short-term variable cost functions andapproximated by a translog form. Industrial water use is modeled ashaving three components: the quantity of water bought to a waterutility, the quantity of autonomous water and the quantity of watertreated prior to use. We include in this framework water effluents,which are considered as a by-product of the production process, emittedby firms. Each of the three water components is treated as a separateinput and all are estimated as a system of simultaneous equations. Themodel is estimated on a sample of 51 industrial plants in the Girondedistrict observed from 1994 to 1996 using Seemingly Unrelated Regression(SUR) and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS). Results ofestimations show that industrial firms are sensitive to water priceinputs. Network water elasticity is estimated at –0.29. It variesfrom –0.10 to –0.79 according to the type of industryconsidered. Autonomous water price elasticity is not significant.Elasticity for treated water is evaluated at –1.42 at themean-sample and varies from –0.90 to –2.21 according to theindustry considered.     

Post OPA-90 Vessel Oil Transfer Spill Prevention: The Effectiveness of Coast Guard Enforcement

Although oil spills from tanker accidents receive the most publicity, most vessel spills are not the result of accidents but of oil transfer activities. We investigate determinants of the size of vessel oil transfer spills as well as the effectiveness of Coast Guard enforcement activities in reducing their size. Vessel out-of-water and in-water oil transfer spillage functions are estimated utilizing tobit regression and detailed data on individual vessel oil transfer spills as well as Coast Guard safety/environmental enforcement activity data for the 1991–1995 period. Our estimation results suggest that Coast Guard hull but not machinery inspections are effective in reducing both out-of-water and in-water spills; patrols by air, but not by boat, are effective in reducing out-of-water spills; but neither is effective in reducing in-water spills. The results also show that the type of vessel (oil- and non-oil-cargo), vessel characteristics, vessel operations, weather/visibility conditions, and waterway type are determinants of post OPA-90 vessel oil transfer spills.     

Estimating Willingness to Pay for Improved Drinking Water Quality Using Averting Behavior Method with Perception Measure

This paper suggests an application of an averting behaviormethod to reconcile inconsistent public activity with objectiveenvironmental risk. In Korea, an historically polluted watersupply has created citizen resistance to using tap water. Koreansperceive low quality levels for tap water, although objectivelymeasured data show that the pollution levels are lower than theacceptable risk. We hypothesized that the irrational aversion tousing tap water is a consequence of inconsistencies between theobjectively measured and perceived pollution levels. We introducethe perception averting behavior method, in which we add aperception measure unit to the conventional averting behaviormethod. We found that the perception measure provided a validexplanation for citizens' aversion to using tap water in Korea.     

博弈论在治理河流水污染中的应用

针对我国日益严重的河流水污染状况，本文通过对污染源企业和政府之间的关系进行博弈分析，建立监督博弈模型，并以此分析政府对污染源企业的监管力度及经济上的处罚力度。     

中国节能减排工作面临的问题和解决的方法

国家“十一五”规划纲要明确提出中国单位GDP能耗在五年内降低20％；主要污染物排放总量减少10％的战略目标。目前，中国节能减排的任务还相当艰巨，应增加节能减排的资金投入，提高节能减排的激励和处罚标准。完善税收制度，遏制高耗能、高排放产业的项目发展。     

Natural resources, capital accumulation and the resource curse

Early concern by economists for the effect of natural capital on economic growth gave way to complacency and neglect during the nineteenth century. Evidence has emerged, however, that since the 1960s the economic performance of low-income countries has been inversely related to their natural resource wealth. This relationship is not a deterministic one so policy counts. SEEA can help improve the policy and performance of resource-abundant low-income countries by reinforcing the rationale for the sound management of natural resources and also by providing an index of policy sustainability in the form of the net saving rate. This policy index, along with other measures such as a capital fund for sterilizing the rent, initiatives to increase the transparency of rent flows and the rigorous evaluation of alternative uses of additional public sector revenue can improve the efficiency by which natural resource rent is transformed into alternative forms of capital to sustain rising social welfare. Chad and Mauritania provide case studies to illustrate how SEEA and net saving can be used to diagnose policy failure and improve economic performance.